Exploring the Heart of Cyprus: Nicosia Travel Guide

Introduction

Nicosia, the vibrant capital of Cyprus, offers a unique blend of rich history and modern charm. As the last divided capital in Europe, it presents a fascinating mix of cultures and traditions. This travel guide will help you explore the heart of Cyprus, uncovering the best attractions, dining spots, and hidden gems in Nicosia. Whether you're a history buff, a foodie, or an adventure seeker, Nicosia has something for everyone. Let's dive into the wonders of this captivating city and make your visit unforgettable.

A Brief History of Nicosia

Nicosia, also known as Lefkosia in Greek and Lefkoşa in Turkish, boasts a history that spans over 4,500 years. The earliest mention of the city dates back to 672 BC, when it was known as Ledra. Throughout the centuries, Nicosia has been under the rule of various empires, including the Byzantines, Lusignan kings, Venetians, Ottomans, and the British. Each of these rulers left their mark on the city, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry.

Since the 10th century, Nicosia has served as the capital of Cyprus. The city became the seat of the bishop in the 4th century AD, further solidifying its importance. In more recent history, Nicosia has been a focal point of the island's political struggles. The city has been divided since 1963, with a UN buffer zone separating the Greek Cypriot south from the Turkish Cypriot north. This division makes Nicosia the last divided capital in Europe, adding a unique layer to its historical narrative.

Today, Nicosia is a thriving financial center and a hub of cultural activity. Its historic landmarks, such as the Venetian walls and the Selimiye Mosque, stand as testaments to its storied past. Exploring Nicosia's history offers a deep dive into the island's complex and fascinating heritage.

Pros and Cons of Visiting Nicosia

Getting to Nicosia

Reaching Nicosia is straightforward, thanks to its central location in Cyprus. The city is well-connected by air, road, and public transport, making it accessible for travelers from all over the world.

By Air: The nearest major airport is Larnaca International Airport (LCA), located about 34 kilometers southeast of Nicosia. From the airport, you can take a taxi, rent a car, or use a shuttle service to reach the city. Another option is Paphos International Airport (PFO), which is further away but still a viable choice for travelers.

By Road: If you are already in Cyprus, driving to Nicosia is a convenient option. The island has a well-maintained road network, and the journey from Larnaca to Nicosia takes approximately 40 minutes by car. There are also regular intercity bus services that connect Nicosia with other major cities like Limassol, Paphos, and Ayia Napa.

Public Transport: Nicosia has an efficient public transport system, including buses that operate within the city and to other parts of Cyprus. The main bus terminal in Nicosia is Solomou Square, where you can find routes to various destinations. Additionally, taxis are readily available for more direct travel within the city.

Whether you choose to fly, drive, or take public transport, getting to Nicosia is hassle-free, allowing you to start your exploration of this fascinating city without delay.

Top Attractions in Nicosia

Nicosia is brimming with attractions that cater to a variety of interests. From historical landmarks to modern marvels, the city offers a rich tapestry of experiences. Here are some of the top attractions you shouldn't miss:

• Venetian Walls: These impressive 16th-century fortifications encircle the old city and are a testament to Nicosia's strategic importance. Take a walk along the walls to enjoy panoramic views and explore the bastions.
• Ledra Street: This bustling pedestrian street is the heart of Nicosia's shopping and dining scene. It also serves as a crossing point between the Greek and Turkish sides of the city, offering a unique glimpse into its divided nature.
• Selimiye Mosque: Originally the Cathedral of St. Sophia, this stunning building was converted into a mosque in 1571. Its Gothic architecture and intricate details make it a must-visit.
• Cyprus Museum: The largest and oldest archaeological museum in Cyprus, it houses an extensive collection of artifacts that trace the island's history from prehistoric times to the Byzantine era.
• Leventis Municipal Museum: This museum offers a comprehensive overview of Nicosia's history, culture, and development. It's a great place to start your exploration of the city.
• Famagusta Gate: One of the three original gates of the Venetian walls, it has been beautifully restored and now serves as a cultural center hosting various events and exhibitions.
• Shacolas Tower Museum & Observatory: Located on Ledra Street, this tower offers a 360-degree view of Nicosia from its observatory. It's an excellent spot for photography and getting a sense of the city's layout.

These attractions provide a perfect starting point for your journey through Nicosia, each offering a unique insight into the city's rich heritage and vibrant present.

Exploring the Old Town

The Old Town of Nicosia, encircled by the historic Venetian walls, is a treasure trove of cultural and architectural wonders. As you wander through its narrow, winding streets, you'll encounter a blend of influences from different eras and civilizations.

Laiki Geitonia: This charming pedestrian area is a beautifully restored quarter that showcases traditional Cypriot architecture. With its cobblestone streets, quaint shops, and cozy cafes, Laiki Geitonia offers a glimpse into the past while providing a delightful setting for a leisurely stroll.

Faneromeni Square: At the heart of the Old Town, this bustling square is home to the Faneromeni Church, an impressive example of 19th-century architecture. The square is a popular meeting spot and often hosts cultural events and performances.

Omeriye Mosque: Originally a 14th-century Augustinian church, this building was converted into a mosque during the Ottoman period. Its unique blend of Gothic and Islamic architectural elements makes it a fascinating site to visit.

Chrysaliniotissa Quarter: One of the oldest neighborhoods in Nicosia, this area is known for its well-preserved traditional houses and the beautiful Chrysaliniotissa Church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It's a peaceful area that offers a glimpse into the city's past.

Buyuk Han: Built in 1572, this Ottoman-era caravanserai is one of the finest examples of its kind in Cyprus. Today, it houses a variety of artisan shops, galleries, and cafes, making it a vibrant cultural hub.

Exploring the Old Town of Nicosia is like stepping back in time. Each corner reveals a new story, and the blend of architectural styles and cultural influences creates a unique and captivating atmosphere.

Museums and Art Galleries

Nicosia is home to a diverse array of museums and art galleries that cater to a wide range of interests. Whether you're passionate about history, art, or culture, you'll find plenty to explore in the city's vibrant museum scene.

Cyprus Museum: As the largest and oldest archaeological museum in Cyprus, the Cyprus Museum offers an extensive collection of artifacts that trace the island's history from prehistoric times to the Byzantine era. Highlights include ancient pottery, sculptures, and jewelry.

Leventis Municipal Museum: This museum provides a comprehensive overview of Nicosia's history, culture, and development. Exhibits cover various periods, from ancient times to the modern era, offering valuable insights into the city's evolution.

Byzantine Museum: Located within the Archbishopric Palace, this museum houses one of the most significant collections of Byzantine art in Cyprus. The exhibits include icons, frescoes, and mosaics that date back to the 9th century.

A.G. Leventis Gallery: This modern art gallery features an impressive collection of European and Cypriot art. The gallery is divided into three main sections: the Paris Collection, the Greek Collection, and the Cyprus Collection, each showcasing works from different periods and styles.

Ethnological Museum (House of Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios): Housed in a beautifully preserved 18th-century mansion, this museum offers a glimpse into the lifestyle of a wealthy Cypriot family during the Ottoman period. The exhibits include traditional costumes, furniture, and household items.

CVAR Severis Foundation: The Centre of Visual Arts and Research (CVAR) is dedicated to the study and promotion of Cypriot art and culture. The foundation's museum features a rich collection of paintings, photographs, and documents that depict the island's history and heritage.

These museums and galleries provide a deep dive into the rich cultural and artistic heritage of Nicosia. Each venue offers a unique perspective, making them essential stops for any visitor looking to understand the city's multifaceted identity.

Local Delicacies and Dining Spots

Nicosia offers a delightful culinary journey that reflects the island's rich cultural heritage. From traditional Cypriot dishes to modern fusion cuisine, the city's dining scene has something for every palate. Here are some local delicacies and dining spots you shouldn't miss:

Traditional Cypriot Dishes:

• Meze: A must-try in Cyprus, meze is a selection of small dishes that include dips, salads, grilled meats, and seafood. It's a great way to sample a variety of flavors in one meal.
• Halloumi: This semi-hard cheese, made from a mix of goat's and sheep's milk, is often grilled or fried. It's a staple in Cypriot cuisine and can be enjoyed on its own or as part of a dish.
• Kleftiko: A traditional lamb dish, kleftiko is slow-cooked with herbs and lemon, resulting in tender, flavorful meat that falls off the bone.
• Souvlaki: Skewers of marinated meat, usually pork or chicken, grilled to perfection and often served with pita bread and salad.
• Loukoumades: These sweet, deep-fried dough balls are drizzled with honey and sprinkled with cinnamon and nuts, making for a delicious dessert.

Top Dining Spots in Nicosia:

• To Anamma: Located in the heart of the Old Town, this restaurant offers a cozy atmosphere and a menu filled with traditional Cypriot dishes. The meze here is particularly popular.
• Piatsa Gourounaki: Known for its excellent souvlaki and other grilled meats, this casual eatery is a favorite among locals and tourists alike.
• Patio Cocktail Bar: For a more modern dining experience, Patio offers a fusion of Mediterranean and international cuisine. The stylish setting and creative cocktails make it a great spot for a night out.
• To Steki Tou Thanasi: This family-run taverna is known for its authentic Cypriot dishes and warm hospitality. It's a great place to enjoy a traditional meal in a relaxed setting.
• Artisan's Burgerbar: If you're in the mood for something different, Artisan's Burgerbar offers gourmet burgers made with high-quality ingredients. The creative menu and laid-back vibe make it a popular choice.

Exploring the local delicacies and dining spots in Nicosia is a culinary adventure that offers a taste of the island's rich flavors and traditions. Whether you're enjoying a traditional meze or indulging in modern fusion cuisine, the city's vibrant food scene is sure to leave a lasting impression.

Shopping in Nicosia

Shopping in Nicosia is a delightful experience, offering a mix of traditional markets, modern malls, and unique boutiques. Whether you're looking for local crafts, designer brands, or everyday essentials, the city has something for everyone.

Ledra Street: This bustling pedestrian street is the heart of Nicosia's shopping scene. Here, you'll find a variety of shops ranging from international brands to local boutiques. It's also a great place to enjoy a coffee or a meal while taking a break from shopping.

The Mall of Cyprus: Located on the outskirts of Nicosia, this modern shopping mall offers a wide range of stores, including fashion, electronics, and home goods. It also features a cinema and a food court, making it a popular destination for a day out.

Makariou Avenue: One of the main commercial streets in Nicosia, Makariou Avenue is lined with high-end boutiques, department stores, and cafes. It's the perfect place to find designer clothing, accessories, and luxury items.

Laiki Geitonia: For a more traditional shopping experience, head to Laiki Geitonia. This charming area is home to numerous shops selling local crafts, souvenirs, and handmade goods. It's a great place to pick up unique gifts and support local artisans.

Ochi Market: Held every Wednesday and Saturday, Ochi Market is a bustling open-air market where you can find fresh produce, local delicacies, and a variety of other goods. It's a vibrant spot to experience the local culture and pick up some fresh ingredients.

Stasikratous Street: Known for its upscale boutiques and specialty stores, Stasikratous Street is the place to go for luxury shopping. From designer fashion to fine jewelry, this street offers a premium shopping experience.

Shopping in Nicosia provides a diverse range of options, catering to all tastes and budgets. Whether you're exploring traditional markets or browsing through modern malls, the city's shopping scene is sure to satisfy your retail cravings.

Nicosia Nightlife

Nicosia's nightlife is as vibrant and diverse as the city itself. Whether you're looking for a laid-back evening or a night of dancing, the capital of Cyprus has something to offer for everyone. Here are some of the best spots to experience Nicosia's nightlife:

Bars and Pubs:

• Lost + Found Drinkery: Known for its creative cocktails and relaxed atmosphere, this award-winning bar is a favorite among locals and visitors alike. The skilled bartenders craft unique drinks that are sure to impress.
• 7 Jokers: This quirky bar offers a cozy setting with an eclectic mix of decor. It's a great place to enjoy a drink and unwind after a day of exploring the city.
• Silver Star: Located in the heart of the Old Town, Silver Star is a stylish bar that offers a wide selection of wines, cocktails, and craft beers. The rooftop terrace provides stunning views of the city.

Clubs and Live Music Venues:

• Club Teez: One of the most popular nightclubs in Nicosia, Club Teez offers a lively atmosphere with top DJs spinning the latest hits. It's the perfect place to dance the night away.
• RED Music Stage: For live music enthusiasts, RED Music Stage hosts performances by local and international artists. The venue offers a mix of genres, from rock to jazz, ensuring there's something for everyone.
• New Division: This underground club is known for its electronic music scene. With its industrial decor and cutting-edge sound system, New Division attracts a crowd of music lovers and partygoers.

Casual Evening Spots:

• To Kafeneio: For a more laid-back evening, head to To Kafeneio, a traditional coffee shop that transforms into a lively bar at night. Enjoy a drink while listening to live Greek music in a cozy setting.
• Havana Noche: This Cuban-themed bar offers a relaxed atmosphere with Latin music, delicious cocktails, and a vibrant dance floor. It's a great spot for a fun and casual night out.

Nicosia's nightlife scene is diverse and dynamic, offering a range of options to suit any mood or preference. Whether you're in the mood for a quiet drink, live music, or dancing until dawn, the city has plenty to offer for a memorable night out.

Day Trips from Nicosia

While Nicosia itself is a treasure trove of attractions, the surrounding areas also offer plenty of opportunities for exciting day trips. Here are some of the best destinations to explore just a short drive from the capital:

Kyrenia (Girne): Located on the northern coast of Cyprus, Kyrenia is known for its picturesque harbor and historic castle. The Kyrenia Castle houses a fascinating shipwreck museum, and the town's charming streets are perfect for a leisurely stroll. The drive from Nicosia takes about 30 minutes, making it an easy and rewarding day trip.

Troodos Mountains: For nature lovers, the Troodos Mountains offer a refreshing escape from the city. The region is home to beautiful hiking trails, traditional villages, and stunning Byzantine monasteries. Notable sites include the Kykkos Monastery and the painted churches of the Troodos, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The journey from Nicosia to the Troodos Mountains takes approximately one hour.

Larnaca: This coastal city is famous for its beautiful beaches and historic sites. Visit the Church of Saint Lazarus, stroll along the Finikoudes Promenade, or relax on the sandy shores of Mackenzie Beach. Larnaca is just a 40-minute drive from Nicosia, making it a convenient destination for a day trip.

Famagusta (Gazimağusa): Known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, Famagusta is a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts. Explore the ancient city walls, the Othello Castle, and the impressive Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque. The drive from Nicosia to Famagusta takes about one hour.

Limassol: As one of Cyprus's largest cities, Limassol offers a mix of cultural attractions, shopping, and dining. Visit the Limassol Castle, stroll through the Old Town, or enjoy the vibrant atmosphere of the Limassol Marina. The city is about an hour's drive from Nicosia.

Agros: Nestled in the Troodos Mountains, the village of Agros is known for its rose products and traditional sweets. Visit the rose factory, sample local delicacies, and enjoy the scenic mountain views. Agros is about an hour's drive from Nicosia.

These day trips from Nicosia offer a diverse range of experiences, from coastal adventures to mountain retreats. Each destination provides a unique glimpse into the rich culture and natural beauty of Cyprus, making them well worth the journey.

Where to Stay in Nicosia

Nicosia offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. Whether you're looking for luxury hotels, boutique stays, or budget-friendly hostels, the city has something for everyone. Here are some of the best places to stay in Nicosia:

Luxury Hotels:

• The Landmark Nicosia: This five-star hotel offers elegant rooms, top-notch amenities, and excellent service. Located close to the city center, it provides easy access to major attractions and business districts.
• Hilton Nicosia: Known for its luxurious accommodations and extensive facilities, Hilton Nicosia features spacious rooms, a large outdoor pool, and several dining options. It's an ideal choice for both leisure and business travelers.

Boutique Hotels:

• Cleopatra Hotel: This stylish boutique hotel offers comfortable rooms and a range of amenities, including a spa and fitness center. Its central location makes it a convenient base for exploring the city.
• Semeli Hotel: With its modern design and personalized service, Semeli Hotel provides a cozy and intimate atmosphere. The hotel features well-appointed rooms and a charming garden terrace.

Budget-Friendly Options:

• Sky Hotel: Offering clean and comfortable rooms at affordable rates, Sky Hotel is a great choice for budget-conscious travelers. It's located in the heart of Nicosia, within walking distance of many attractions.
• Hostel X: This friendly hostel provides dormitory-style accommodations and private rooms at budget-friendly prices. With its communal areas and social events, it's a perfect place to meet fellow travelers.

Unique Stays:

• Hypnos by bed N' mix: This eco-friendly boutique hotel offers a unique blend of modern design and sustainability. Each room is individually decorated, and the hotel emphasizes green practices and local products.
• MAP Boutique Hotel: Located near the Venetian walls, this boutique hotel combines contemporary style with historical charm. The rooms are designed with a minimalist aesthetic, and the hotel offers personalized services to enhance your stay.

Choosing the right accommodation in Nicosia can enhance your travel experience, providing comfort and convenience as you explore the city's many attractions. Whether you prefer luxury, boutique charm, or budget-friendly options, Nicosia has a place for you to call home during your visit.

Tips for First-Time Visitors

Visiting Nicosia for the first time can be an exciting experience. To help you make the most of your trip, here are some useful tips for first-time visitors:

1. Currency: The official currency in Nicosia is the Euro (€). Make sure to have some cash on hand, especially for small purchases and in markets where card payments might not be accepted.

2. Language: Greek is the official language in the southern part of Nicosia, while Turkish is spoken in the northern part. English is widely understood and spoken, especially in tourist areas, so communication should not be a problem.

3. Crossing the Green Line: Nicosia is divided by the Green Line, a UN buffer zone. You can cross between the Greek Cypriot south and the Turkish Cypriot north at designated checkpoints, such as Ledra Street. Make sure to carry your passport for identification.

4. Public Transport: Nicosia has an efficient bus network that covers most parts of the city. Taxis are also readily available. If you plan to explore beyond the city, consider renting a car for more flexibility.

5. Dress Code: While Nicosia is quite modern, it's respectful to dress modestly when visiting religious sites. For example, cover your shoulders and knees when entering churches or mosques.

6. Local Etiquette: Cypriots are known for their hospitality. It's customary to greet people with a handshake and a smile. When dining, it's polite to wait for the host to start eating before you begin.

7. Safety: Nicosia is generally a safe city for tourists. However, it's always wise to take standard precautions, such as keeping an eye on your belongings and avoiding poorly lit areas at night.

8. Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Nicosia is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant and there are fewer tourists. Summers can be very hot, while winters are mild but can be rainy.

9. Local Cuisine: Don't miss the opportunity to try traditional Cypriot dishes like meze, halloumi, and kleftiko. Exploring local markets and eateries can provide an authentic taste of the island's culinary delights.

10. Stay Hydrated: Cyprus can get quite hot, especially in the summer months. Make sure to drink plenty of water and use sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.

These tips will help you navigate Nicosia with ease and ensure you have a memorable and enjoyable visit. Embrace the local culture, explore the city's rich history, and savor the delicious cuisine for an unforgettable experience.

Conclusion

Nicosia, the heart of Cyprus, offers a unique blend of history, culture, and modernity. From its ancient Venetian walls and bustling markets to its vibrant nightlife and culinary delights, the city has something for everyone. Whether you're exploring the rich history of the Old Town, indulging in local delicacies, or taking day trips to nearby attractions, Nicosia promises an unforgettable experience.

For first-time visitors, the city's welcoming atmosphere and diverse offerings make it an ideal destination. With a range of accommodation options, efficient public transport, and a wealth of attractions, Nicosia is both accessible and captivating. Remember to embrace the local culture, respect the city's traditions, and take time to savor its unique charm.

As you plan your visit to Nicosia, use this guide to navigate the city's top attractions, dining spots, and hidden gems. Whether you're a history buff, a foodie, or an adventure seeker, Nicosia will leave you with lasting memories and a desire to return. Enjoy your journey through the captivating capital of Cyprus!

FAQ about Visiting Nicosia, Cyprus